瘦肉型和脂肪型肥育猪胴体性状和肉质的比较研究

Comparative Study on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Lean and Obese Genotype Finishing Pigs

选用体重为50 kg左右的宁乡猪和三元杂交猪各4头,屠宰后对其胴体性状、肉质及肌肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成和含量进行比较。结果表明,宁乡猪的胴体重、皮重、脂肪重、脂肪率和均膘厚均显著高于三元杂交猪,肌肉重、瘦肉率和眼肌面积显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.05);宁乡猪的肉色显著优于三元杂交猪(P<0.05);贮存损失显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.05);三元杂交猪肌肉各氨基酸含量均高于宁乡猪(P>0.05);宁乡猪背最长肌和半腱肌的油酸含量显著高于三元杂交猪(P<0.05),而背最长肌硬脂酸和亚油酸含量及半腱肌亚油酸含量均显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.05)。

Four Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire pigs and four Ningxiang pigs with an average body weight of 50 kg were used in this study to determine the normal values of carcass characteristics, meat quality, contents and compositions of amino acids and fatty acids. The results showed that the average weights of carcass, skin and total fat, the total fat percentage and average backfat thickness in Ningxiang pigs were higher （P〈0. 05）, while muscle weight, lean meat percentage and lion eye area were lower （P〈0.05） compared with Duroc × Landrace X Yorkshire pigs; the scores of meat color in Ningxiang pigs were higher （P〈0.05）, while drip losses were lower （P〈0.05） compared with the Duroc ×Landrace X Yorkshire pigs. The contents of all kinds of amino acids in Ningxiang pigs were lower （P〉0.05） than those of Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs; the content of oleic acid in musculus longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscle of Ningxiang pigs were higher （P〈 0. 05）, while the contents of octadecanoic acid and linoleate acid in musculus longissimus dorsi and linoleate acid in semitendino- sus muscle were lower （P〈0.05） compared with the Duroc X Landrace X Yorkshire pigs.