四川白肋烟主栽品种适宜施氮量研究

Study on nitrogen application in burley tobacco cultivation in Sichuan province

通过大田试验,研究了不同施氮水平对达白1号、达所24、鄂烟1号砍收前农艺性状、常规化学成分、吸食品质及产量、产值的影响,以确定四川达州白肋烟产区主栽品种的适宜施氮量。结果表明,中熟品种达白1号和鄂烟1号产量、产值和上中等烟比例随施氮量增加而增加,且化学成分协调,早熟品种达所24产量随施氮量的增加而增加,但当施氮量超过195kg/hm2时,上、中等烟比例下降,化学成分不协调。不同品种的总氮、烟碱、k+含量均随施氮量增加而升高,而总糖、还原糖含量随着施氮量增加而降低;在相同的施氮水平条件下,从部位上看,总氮、烟碱含量为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶,总糖、还原糖含量为中部叶>上部叶>下部叶,k+含量为下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。总体来看,无论产量还是内在化学成分,中熟品种达白1号和鄂烟1号在225kg/hm2施氮水平上表现最佳,早熟品种达所24在195kg/hm2施氮水平上表现最佳。

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen on agronomic characteristics, rutine chemical components, sensory quality, yield, and value of 3 leading varieties （Dabai 1, Dasuo 24, and Eyan 1 ） in order to determine optimum nitrogen rate applied to widely cultivated burley tobacco varieties in Dazhou, Sichuan province. Results showed that yield, output value, and proportion of finest and middle grade leaves of mid-season variety of Dabai-1 and Eyan-I increased with the increase of nitrogen application and the chemical compositions were balanced. The yield of the early ripening variety of Dasuo-24 increased with the increase of nitrogen rate, but the proportion of the finest and middle grade leaves decreased when the nitrogen was applied more than 195kg/hm2, and the chemical compositions were balanced. The content of total nitro- gen, nicotine, and K＋ increased with the increase of nitrogen application, while that of total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate. Under the same rate of nitrogen fertilizer application, total nitrogen and nicotine of upper leaves were the highest, and of lower leaves were the lowest. The content of total and reducing sugar of the cutter leaves were the highest, and of lower leaves were the lowest ; The content of K ＋ was the highest in lower leaves, and the lowest in upper leaves. In summary, Dabai-1 and Eyan-1 behaved the best in the yield, output value, and the proportion of superior tobacco leaves under 225kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer application, and Dasuo-24 behaved the best under 195kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer application.