东北地区农业应对气候变化的策略与措施分析

Strategies and Countermeasures to Climate Change for Agriculture in Northeast China

气候变化的影响与适应已经成为农业生产面临的现实而紧迫的问题。1956—2005年东北地区增温1.5℃,幅度明显高于全国平均水平,给作物生产带来复杂的影响。东北是重要的国家商品粮生产基地,对国家粮食安全起着重要作用。探讨区域层面上适应气候变化的能力建设更具有针对性和现实性。文章分析了近50a来东北地区气候变化的主要表现及其对农业生产的影响;针对气候变化过程中人类活动对土地利用和温室气体的影响,提出了东北地区适应和减缓气候变化的策略和措施,强调在农业生态、水资源利用、环境保护等多方面综合开展工作,积极采取行动,最终达到维护气候环境、充分利用气候资源的目的,为东北粮食生产安全、农业可持续发展做出贡献。

The impact of and adaptation to climate change has become an urgent issue for agriculture production. The temperature increased 1.5 ℃ in Northeast China （NEC） during the past 50 years, the increment is apparently higher than the average value over the whole China. Climate change brought about complicated impacts on crop production. NEC is one of the most important crop production bases in China; it takes a big role for food safety and security of China. It is of significance to discuss adaptation of agriculture to climate change on regional scale. The main characters of climate change and their impacts on agriculture in NEC during the past 50 years were analyzed in this study; the strategies and measures for adapting to and mitigating climate change in NEC are put forward, according to the impacts of GHGs emission and land-use in human activities on climate change. We emphasize that we should take positive action in agro-ecology, water resources utilization and environment protection, so as to protect the climate-environment and to fully utilize climate resources, thus to help the sustainable development of grain production in NEC.