民国时期甘南藏区毒品种植原因试探

Reasons of the Narcotic Drugs Planting in South Gansu Tibetan Area During the Republic of China

民国时期,甘南藏区毒品种植、贩运猖狂,成为甘肃省乃至西部地区毒品泛滥的重灾区,影响地方社会甚巨。推究其因,藏民族大多以游牧为生,有尚武习气,鸦片成为其与外界交换武器的重要媒介;回、汉族莠民潜入藏区种烟贩烟,刺激了该地鸦片的产销;地方统治者囿于鸦片的高利润,强迫怂恿民众种植鸦片;地方政府在禁烟上配合不力,土匪莠民趁机偷种不已。在禁毒上,甘南藏区地处边缘,插花飞地众多,成为明显的"三不管"地带;地方武装薄弱,不堪一击;加之各种势力交织,县府、省府都无能为力。质言之,甘南藏区毒品泛滥是政府统治权力缺失,此地长期处于一种失控状态下的表征。

During the Republic of China,for the planting and selling of opium was very flagrant in south Gansu Tiketan anea,it became a heavy disaster area of narcotic drugs overflowing of Gansu province,even of the west district of China,which had a extremely bad effect on local society. The reasons of this issue are：Tibetan people are nomads,living by hunting and fishing,and they have the custom of admiring military,so they regarded opium as an important media for exchanging weapons from out-side;some ill men of Hui people and Han people slipped into Tibetan inhabited area to plant and sell opium, which aroused the producing and selling of opium in this place;attracted by the high profit,the local rulers forced and instigated their populace to plant opium;local government had a little effective cooperation on forbidding opium and bandits took this advantage to plant opium secretly without stopping. Moreover,this district located at fringe with complex land forms,therefore,it became an obvious place which was beyond the reach of government control;besides,the local arms was so weak that even a single hit could destroy it;in addition,varieties of authorities connected together,these all leaded to neither the county government nor the province＇s could do anything useful on forbidding opium. In a word,the narcotic drugs overflowing in south Gansu Tibetan area was a reflection of the lack of authority power.