山东土石山区坡耕地水土流失影响因子定量分析

Quantitative analysis of influencing factors on soil erosion and water loss for sloping cropland of earth rocky mountain areas in Shandong Province

对山东省临朐、蒙阴、泰安、文登4个水土保持试验站坡耕地径流小区进行径流量和侵蚀量观测，并分别在不同作物、不同坡度、不同坡长、不同降雨条件下，分析径流小区所产生的径流量和侵蚀量的变化规律。结果表明：在相同地形条件下，玉米、花生、小麦＋花生、小麦＋大豆径流小区内的降雨量、降雨强度与径流量、侵蚀量呈线性关系，径流量和侵蚀量变化幅度大小依次为玉米〉花生〉小麦＋花生〉小麦＋大豆；不同坡长、不同坡度花生径流小区的降雨量、降雨强度与径流量、侵蚀量呈线性关系，径流量和侵蚀量随坡长、坡度的增大而增加；在相同坡度、相同坡长条件下，径流量和侵蚀量随降雨量和降雨强度的增大而增大，其增加幅度分别在降雨量50.0-79.9mm、降雨强度〉50mm／h级别时达到最大。

The runoff and soil erosion data were observed in four sloping cropland plots in Linqu, Mengyin, Tai＇an, Wendeng soil and water conservation experimental station of Shandong Province. The runoff and soil erosion under different cropland, slope gradient, slope length and different rainfall were analyzed in order to know the rule of soil erosion and water loss of earth rocky mountain areas in Shandong Province. The results show that there are good linear relation between rainfall amount, rainfall intensity and runoff, soil erosion under same landform. The descending order of change extent of runoff and soil erosion amount is corn, peanut, wheat ＋ peanut, wheat ＋ soybean. There are good linear relation between rainfall amount, rainfall intensity and runoff, soil erosion amount under different slope length and gradient. With the increasing of slope length and gradient, runoff and soil erosion amount are increasing. With the increasing of rainfall and rainfall intensity, runoff and soil erosion is increasing and the increasing extent reach maximum when rainfall amount is from 50.0 to 79.9 mm and rainfall intensity is larger than 50 mm/h.