腾格里沙漠地区水化学特征

HYDROCHEMISTRY OF TENGGELI DESERT REGION

水资源极为匮乏的腾格里沙漠区内所赋存的水主要有两种类型。一种是沙下潜水 ,主要是周边山区由高向低缓慢地向沙漠区运移所致 ,分布较为普遍 ;另一种是沙漠湖水 ,它是在沙漠区内之低洼地段 ,由于沙下潜水的长期溢出汇集于大小不等的长条状湖泊之中 ,以湖表水 (咸水和卤水 )的形式存在。沙下潜水矿化度在 0 .5～ 1 g/L之间 ,为本区的饮用水。湖表水咸苦 ,矿化度较高 ,就同一湖区而言 ,也有咸水和卤水之分 ,咸水矿化度为每升数十克 ,卤水则在 1 0 0～ 440 g/L之间 。

In the Tenggeli desert region seriously short of water, only there exist two major types of water, one groundwater below the sand layers and the other lake water on the desert. The former widely spreads, a desert phreatic water that is fed by from high to low, slowly flowing, nearby mountain water, having a lower mineralizing degree (0.5 1g/L) to serve as drinking water while the latter is attributed to the perennial overflowing of the former into some elongated depressions or pools on the desert, typical of higher salinity and bitter taste. So far as any of the depressions or pools is concerned, the lake water can be classified into saline and bitter, respectively mineralized at dozens of g/L and 100 400g/L.Given a degree of 100-400g/L, the bitter lake certainly started salt deposition.