Inflammation and Cancer： Promotion and Progression

In ammatory diseases increase the risk of developing many types of cancers including bladder, cervical, gastric, intestinal, ovarian and prostate. Accumulating data have demonstrated that inflammation is a

Inflammatory diseases increase the risk of developing many types of cancers including bladder, cervical, gastric, intestinal, ovarian and prostate. Accumulating data have demonstrated that inflammation is a critical component of tumor promotion and progression. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation. The mediators and cellular effectors of inflammation derived from either inflammation or oncogenic activation promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, metastasis and alter responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. NF-κB and Stat3 are the typical transcription factors activated by oncogenes and inflammation or infection. NF-κB and Stat3 coordinate the production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. The cytokines such as intedeukin-6 and interleukin-4 activate NF-κB and Stat3 in inflammatory cells by a feedback mechanism resulting in more inflammatory mediators being released and cancer-related inflammatory microenvironment being generated, thereby promoting cancer growth and progression.