有关文体学主客观性问题的几点思考

Issues of Subjectivity and Objectivity in Stylistics

文体学就其最为宽泛的定义来说可看成是现代语言学理论和方法论视域中的文学风格讨论。作为对主观和印象式传统文学批评的挑战,文体学试图以一种简明而准确的客观语言描述来取代印象式批评的瞬间主观感悟,并由此获取对文学作品的客观阐释。然而,由于文体描述中不能完全排除人和情感的因素,文体学的客观性问题自该学科问世以来便一直受到人们的置疑和诘难。面对置疑和诘难,人们常常感到最难的还是主观和客观的界定和把握。从语言特征、心理效果、以及主题意义和美学功能等三个层面入手,以人和情感的因素为中介,讨论风格的主观和客观性问题。

Stylistics in its broadest sense is the application of the theory and methodology of modern linguistics to the study of literary style. As a reaction to the subjectivity and imprecision of traditional literary studies, stylistics intends to substitute the appreciative rapture of the impressionistic critic with precise and rigorous linguistic descriptions, thus obtaining an objectivity of the literary interpretation. However, since human or affective factors can not be completely ruled out in a stylistic description, the objectivity of stylistics has long been challenged ever since the very birth of the discipline. Facing this, people will often find themselves in a dilemma to decide the boundary between objectivity and subjectivity. In order to answer these questions and find a way out, different approaches to the style and different analytical models will de tentatively discussed and the boundary between objectivity and subjectivity will be particularly attempted through the discussion of the relationship between linguistic evidence and thematic meaning or aesthetic function, with human and affeetive factors as a psychological medium in between.