地理信息系统(GIS)技术在地质灾害信息管理系统中的应用——以桂林市岩溶塌陷信息系统为例

APPLICATION ON THE GEOLOGICAL HAZARD INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) TECHNIQUE—Examplified by the Karst Collapses Information system of Guilin

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）作为当前计算机应用的一个重要分支日益引起人们的重视，其强大的空间数据分析处理和显示功能也日渐为人们所认识。本文以桂林市岩溶塌陷信息系统为例，详细介绍了地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术在地质灾害信息管理系统中的应用。系统涉及桂林市建国以来２００余次塌陷事件、数千个塌陷坑的详细资料记录，内容包括：塌陷时间、地点、规模、原因、基岩岩性、土层性质、地下水特征、人类抽水活动、人类工程活动、受灾损失以及相关照片、图件等。同时，还录入了有关桂林市岩溶塌陷的基础地质图件。本系统具有强大的图文检索、查询、统计分析及专题图制作功能，可方便快捷地为有关部门制定发展规划、抢险救灾以及塌陷研究提供所需的图件、数据等资料，也为今后建立全国岩溶塌陷信息系统打下良好的基础。

おhe Sinkhole Information System of Guilin developed by Institute of Karst Geology is on the basis of the survey results during last decades. The system covers about 200 collapses which have caused thousands of sinkholes. The database includes the date, the position, the scale, the causes, the bedrock and soil properties, the groundwater conditions, the human activities, the losses, the photos, the diagrams, and so on. Additionally, the basic geological maps are digitized into the system. Based on the GIS technique, the system has a powerful function for sorting and quering, so it is convenient to get the concerning messages in the way of maps or tables.It will be helpful for establishing the Sinkhole Information System of China in the future.