柳宗元《龙安海禅师碑》所记禅宗法统释证

An Interpretation of the Legal Authority of Zen Recorded in Liu Zongyuan's Tablet Inscription of Zen Master Hai in Long An

柳宗元主张"统合儒释",融合百家。在"释"方面,他对天台、净土、律、禅诸宗都有评论。以往的学者注意到他一方面撰写大量禅师碑文,一方面对禅宗的教理颇有微词,并将产生这种矛盾的原因归结为柳宗元在义理上认同天台宗,从而拒斥与之矛盾的禅宗。但这一解释不尽充分,不仅是因为佛教名理繁复,单凭义理断定并不可靠;而且如此则无法解释柳宗元为何大量撰写禅师碑文。其实,柳宗元对禅宗的批评与台禅两宗法统上的矛盾有关,他对两宗的态度是从"正统"和"旁传"的角度出发而非义理上的简单认同和排斥。同时,通过与李华的碑文比较可以看出,天台九祖荆溪湛然主导的教风转变是如何影响到了奉佛文人的信仰态度。

The paper makes a discussion on Liu Zongyuan's thought about Zen. He advocated the combination of Confucianism and Buddhism,and made commentaries on various Buddhist schools:the Tiantai,Pure Land,L (Vinaya),and Zen. As he wrote lots of tablet inscriptions for Zen masters,while made critics on principles of Zen,some scholars thought that he agreed with Tiantai Buddhism and refused Zen. The essay tries to explain that his critique of Zen was related to the contradiction between Tiantai and Zen. His attitude about these two Buddhist schools was not simply explained as agreement or refusal. And compare with Li Hua's tablet inscription for the same master Hai,the essay shows how the change in teaching style initiated by Chanran,the Ninth Patriarch of the Tiantai school,influenced the contemporary Buddhist literati's attitude of belief. It concludes that those influencing factors on literati's thoughts in the middle Tang,were state policies and the change in teaching style of the religion which those literati belonged to.