外资主导下的产业集群演化分析

A Research on the Evolution Mechanism of Industrial Cluster under the Guidance of Foreign Investment

从动态看,外资主导下的产业集群一般经历"形成"、"成熟"和"分化"阶段。广东东莞加工贸易集群在经历了上世纪90年代形成、本世纪初前6年的成熟后,目前正遭遇发展的困境。其原因主要有:国家宏观政策调整、资源约束与成本压力加大;集群内企业自主技术、自有品牌缺乏,产品处在国际分工的价值链低端;集群地域植根性差;企业孵化和创新能力较弱等。产业集群部分企业外迁、倒闭,可能也是其向较高端转型升级的机遇。产业集群应考虑选择具有持续动力的内源性资本扩张策略,政府应为其转型升级设计方向并提供政策支持,实现市场战略从"二头在外"向"一头在外"转变。

From the dynamic point of view, general experience ＂formation＂ , ＂mature＂ and ＂ industrial clusters based on foreign investment in split＂ stages. The cluster of processing trade in Dongguan, Guangdong has gone through the beginning stage in the 1990s and the maturity stage in the former 6 years in the 21 century, and is suffering the current puzzledom. The results indicate that the reasons include： the national macro-policies adjustment, resource constraints and cost pres- sures; lack of self-determined technology and self-owned brands, and the products in the lower level of value chain in international division; weak incubating and innovative ability. Considering the relocation and collapse of some of enterprises, there are many opportunities for Dongguan to upgrade its industries. Industrial clusters should consider the strategy of endogenous capital expansion, government policies and so on. At last, the market strategy changes from the ＂outer 2＂ to ＂outer 1＂