湿地综合分类研究:Ⅰ.分类

COMPREHENSIVE CLASSIFICATION FOR WETLANDS Ⅰ. CLASSIFICATION

目前湿地研究中存在的主要问题是湿地分类标准不一，不同学科间的湿地分类系统缺乏可比性，且缺乏类别界定的定量指标。本文在总结吸收湿地分类已有成果的基础上，比较了已有方法的优劣，提出了一种动力与成因相结合的综合分类法，并讨论了各个分类等级上分类因子的定量描述方法，从而在一定程度上保证了湿地分类的通用性和定量性。这一综合分类方法的提出有助于用数学模型对湿地动态变化进行定量描述①。

So far, a number of wetland classification systems have been developed by investigators from different fields. However, general criteria or indexes for the classification are still needed, and quantitative models should be introduced for the purpose of organizing information and describing the similarities or differences among the elements in wetlands. Based on the systematic comparison of existing classification systems, a comprehensive classification system for wetlands is presented in this paper, from which identification at different levels (clan, sub clan, group, class and type) becomes much easier. “Clan” is determined by hydrologic and geomorphologic characteristics, which can be further divided into several “sub clans” according to dynamic controlling factors upon the wetlands; “group” is used for distinguishing the differences of bottom characteristics of wetlands; and “class” is defined in terms of vegetation physiogomy, followed by the more detailed description of “type” demonstrating the immersing features in the wetlands. Furthermore, the new classification system will promote the process of quantitative descriptions of wetland systems.