日本政治资金及其管理法制改革

Japan Political Funds and Its Reform of Management Legal System

日本自民党是一个特殊的复合政治结构,其对政治资金的需求不仅数量巨大,而且划分为党的正式组织、派阀和党属议员三个方面。在资本主义竞争型代议制民主政治体制下,政治资金的来源有国家供给和政党或政治家自行筹措两种基本模式,但两种模式都无法保证所谓的"公正"。在1994年《政党助成法》通过之前,日本政治资金筹措制度不仅不能保证资本主义民主政治的"公正",还引发出政治体制的生存、执政党的组织整合以及统治效能方面的问题。日本统治集团对政治资金管理法制进行改革主要是为了维护保守政治统治,提高其效能。

The Japanese Liberal Democratic Party is a special compound political structure. Its demand for political capital is in large quantity and it is divided into three aspects： the party formal organizations, the factions and the party representatives. Un- der the democracy system of capitalism competitive representative system, there are two modes of the sources of political funds： the national supplies and the parties or politicians＇ raising money by themselves, the two modes can not be guaranteed the so - called ＂fairness＂. Before ＂Grant for Law for The Political Parties＂ was passed in 1994, Japan＇ s political fundraising system could not guarantee the fairness of capitalism democracy, but brought out the problems, such as the survival of the political sys- tem, the organizational integration of the ruling party and the dominant potency. The reform that Japan＇ s ruling clique＇ s carried on to the political funds management legal system mainly aims at maintaining the conservative political rule and enhances its performance.