人权与社会正义——从《另一个“奇迹”:南非经济发展中的低人权成本优势》谈起

Human Right and Social Justice——Talking from Another Miracle:Advantage of Low Human Right Cost in the Economic Development of South Africa

在一个共同体(如国家)内,人权问题实质上就是社会正义与社会公平的问题。在一个低人权的国度里,也即在一个以国民付出"高‘人权成本’"为代价得到维持与发展的国度里,也一定充满不公与不义,一定充满国民的辛酸血泪与屈辱哀怨。因为在现代民主国家的宪法所规定与确认的那些基本人权得不到真正维护与保障的地方,也一定是国民的各种权利以及与这些权利相关的基本利益备受损害的地方。国民人权的高程度被损害,在一些国家里被转化为权力与资本的"低‘人权成本’"发展优势。这种低人权发展模式是难以持久的,它真正需要修正的是主导这种模式的权力本身,即对一元化权力进行有效限制,直到使之不可能再对人权进行损害,并承担起维护人权的责任。

In a commonwealth as a country, human right is essentially social justice and social fairness. At the places where basic human rights stipulated in the constitutions of modern democratic countries cannot be protected and guaranteed, people＇s rights and basic interests will also be damaged. In some countries the damage of the high-degree national human rights are converted into the developing advantage of low human right cost between right and capital. However, this devel- opment can＇t last long and the right itself guiding the development should be corrected, namely, the centralized right should be limited until it can never damage human right and can shoulder the responsibility of protecting human right.