广州市新生儿脐血铅水平及其影响因素研究

Study of influencing factors on umbilical blood lead in Guangzhou

目的:了解广州市新生儿脐带血血铅水平及其影响因素。方法:在广州市收集脐血标本287份,在严格质量控制下用Z/3030型石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计(PE公司)测定血铅值,并以面谈问卷的形式对相应的287例产妇进行家庭、社会环境调查,用多因素统计分析的方法,分析对脐血铅水平有明显作用的影响因素。结果:287例的脐血铅水平呈正态分布,被测产妇脐血铅水平20～175μg/L,中位数为77.38μg/L,标准差为28.08μg/L,其中脐带血铅水平超过目前认为的安全界限(100μg/L)者占18.82%。孕妇被动吸烟、孕期食用皮蛋、家庭多人居住和居住处新装修是胎儿期铅暴露的影响因素,但多元Logistic回归分析表明,这些因素对脐血铅水平的影响差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:广州市铅污染状况对胎儿的发育有不利的影响,仍需进一步改善。

Objective： To investigate the status of umbilical blood lead of newborns and its influencing factors. Methods： Collected 287 umbilical blood samples in Guangzhou. Tested blood lead with Z/3030 graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer （PE Company） under strict quality control, and investigated 287 parturients about family and social environment with questionnaire. Made muhi-factor statistic analysis of obvious impacting factors. Results ： The level of lead in 287 umbilical blood sample had normal distribution, with range as 20-175 μg/L, median as 77.38 μg/L, and standard deviation as 28.08 μg/L. 18.82% exceeded the secure limit （100 μg/L）. It was showed passive smoking, eating preserved egg during pregnancy, habitation with many persons and new decoration were dangerous factors of lead exposure for fetus. However, multiply Logistic regression indicated there was no statistic significancy（P 〉0.05）. Conclusion： Lead pollution is disadvantageous influence on fetus development, and the environment in Guangzhou still need further improvement.