凡纳滨对虾的游泳能力及游泳疲劳后的生理反应

Swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue in Litopenaeus vannamei

在水温(24.8±0.3)℃条件下,测定了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的临界游速(Ucri)t、弹跳速度、不同流速下的可持续游泳时间,以及游泳疲劳后的生理反应。实验凡纳滨对虾体长(6.87±0.42)cm,体质量(3.34±0.59)g;5个水流速度分别设定为(26.7±2.9)cm·s-1、(31.0±3.6)cm·s-1、(34.6±3.7)cm·s-1、(38.6±3.3)cm·s-1、(40.8±3.4)cm·s-1。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾游泳足的摆动频率与流速呈线性函数关系,可持续游泳时间与流速呈对数函数关系。其游泳能力指数SAI(Swimming Ability Index)为16.49cm,平均临界游速为(35.67±0.62)cm·s-1[(5.02±0.09)BL·s-1],平均弹跳速度为(106.51±6.08)cm·s-1[(15.74±0.96)BL·s-1]。不同流速下游泳疲劳后,凡纳滨对虾血糖和血浆乳酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在26.7cm·s-1、31.0cm·s-1和34.6cm·s-1流速下游泳疲劳后,血浆甘油三酯浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在26.7cm·s-1、34.6cm·s-1和38.6cm·s-1流速下游泳疲劳后,血浆总蛋白浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。经临界游速和弹跳速度测试疲劳后,血糖和血浆乳酸浓度也均显著升高(P<0.05),而血浆甘油三酯和总蛋白浓度则无显著变化(P>0.05)。本研究旨在深入了解对虾运动生理学特性,并为对虾捕捞和增养殖技术的改良提供参考依据。

The swimming endurance at five swimming speeds （26.7 ± 2.9,31.0 ± 3.6,34.6 ± 3.7,38.6 ± 3.3,40.8 ± 3.4） cm·s^-1 （means±SD）, critical swimming speed （Ucrit）and tail-flip speed of Litopenaeus vannamei [body length （6.87 ± 0.42） cm, body weight （3.34± 0.59） g, wet mass] were determined at （24.8±0.3）℃. The metabolite concentrations in hemolymph were determined before exercise and immediately after exercise fatigue to evaluate physiological effect of exercise in L. vannarnei. The relationship between pleopods beat frequency and swimming speed could be described by linear model. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speed could be described by logarithmic model. The swimming ability index （SAI） of L. vannamei was found to be 16.49 cm. The average critical swimming speed was found to be （35.67±0.62） cm·s^-1 [ （5.02±0.09） BL·s^-1] and the average tail-flip speed was found to be （106.51±6.08） cm·s^-1 [ （15.74± 0.96） BL·s^-1]. The plasma glucose and lactate concentrations of L. vannamei increased significantly （P〈0.05） after swimming fatigue under different swimming speed; plasma triglyceride concentration increased significantly （P〈0.01） after swimming fatigue under 26.7,31.0 and 34.6 cm·s^-1; plasma total protein concentration increased significantly （P〈0.05） after swimming fatigue under 26.7,34.6 and 38.6cm·s^-1. The plasma glucose and lactate concentrations increased significantly （P〈0.05） after fatigue in critical swimming speed and tail-flip speed tests, however, no significant differences were found for plasma triglyceride and total protein concentrations （P〉0.05）. Results could be helpful in evaluating the swimming ability, swimming physiology and improving capture efficiency and stock enhancement of L. vannamei.