泪液的相关研究与进展

The research progress in tear fluid analysis

泪液是主要由泪腺分泌的一种水样液体,通过瞬目运动覆盖在眼表面形成泪膜。当前就泪膜的特殊结构和功能等方面,已开展了大量研究,将收集到的泪液,睑板腺分泌物,印迹细胞学、刷检细胞学、结膜活组织检查收集到的眼表细胞,应用电泳、色谱分析联合质谱分析及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等分子生物学技术,分析泪膜脂质、蛋白、黏蛋白分子及其mRNA是较常用的方法。泪液成分分析技术的进步为临床医师了解泪膜,诊断及治疗干眼症提供了有力的依据。就泪液成分分析的基本方法和研究现状进行综述。

Tear is a complex fluid mainly secreted by lacrimal gland. Tear continuously covers the ocular surface to form tear film by blinking. Currently, a large variety of investigations on the special tear film component and function have been developed,including tear lipids,proteins,mucins and mucins mRNA. The tear fluid, meibomian gland secretion and ocular surface cells collected by impression cytology, brush cytology, conjunctive biopsy can be used for molecular biology assessment of tear complexity using electrophoresis, chromatography associated with mass spectrometry, PCR techniques etc.. However, some limits of these methods should be acknowledged, such as technique problem in tear collection, especially in the eye with dry eye. In additional, most measurement way and result still lack the consistent standard. Generally, the development in tear fluid research offers a help for eye doctor to better understand the relationship of tear film with dry eye disease,meanwhile,a good basis for the diagnosis and therapy of dry eye.