灌水对小麦子粒淀粉组成、产量及水分利用率的影响

Effects of Irrigation Stage and Rate on the Components of Starch,Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat

在2004～2005小麦生长季,以强筋小麦济麦20为试验材料,研究了不灌水(W0)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水(W1)、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水(W2)、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3)4个灌水处理条件下小麦子粒淀粉组成及产量和水分利用率的变化。结果表明,开花后W0处理的旗叶光合速率和子粒直链淀粉含量显著低于浇水处理;灌浆中后期,浇水处理旗叶的光合速率和子粒直链淀粉含量为W3>W2、W1。W0处理子粒支链淀粉和总淀粉含量显著高于W1、W2、W3处理,开花后21 d至成熟期,浇水处理间为W1、W2>W3。子粒产量为W1、W2>W3>W0,W1、W2之间无显著差异,表明浇冬水对子粒产量无显著影响,灌浆水降低子粒产量。水分利用率为W0>W1>W2>W3,水分生产效率W1>W2>W3,直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量的比值为W0<W1、W2<W3。综合考虑子粒产量、水分利用效率和淀粉品质,W1为最佳处理。

This research was carried out from 2004 to 2005, using a strong wheat cultivar, namely Jimai 20. The aim was to study how the starch components, grain yield and water use efficiency （WUE） changed under different water irrigation stage and rate. The results were as follows. After anthesis, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves and amylase content in grain of the treatment W0 were significantly lower than those of other treatments（W1 ,W2,W3）; in the middle of grain filling stage, the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves and amylase content in grain of W1, W2 and W3 took such order： W3〉W2, W1. The amylopectin content and total starch content of W0 were significantly higher than those of W1, W2 and W3. From 21d after anthesis to maturity, the amylopectin content and total starch content of W1 and W2 were significantly higher than those of W3. As to grain yield, the order was W1 ,W2〉W3〉W0, and there were no significantly differences between W1 and W2. The above results indicated that irrigation in winter didn＇t affect grain yield significantly and irrigation during grain filling stage made grain yield decrease. The order of WUE among different treatments was W0〉W1〉W2〉W3, and water production efficiency was W1〉W2〉W3. The order of the rate of amylase to amylopectin was W0〈W1 ,W2〈W3. According to the analysis of above indices, the treatment of W1 was the best one in this experiment.