学习困难儿童的相关因素分析

Analysis of the related factors in children with learning difficulties

目的对影响儿童学习能力的因素进行调查与研究,为儿童学习困难的防治提供资料。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表中国修订版(c-wisc)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、婴儿-初中生社会适应能力量表(S-M)及自定的儿童情况调查表对356例学习困难儿童进行评定与调查,根据检查结果进行资料分析。结果本组356例学习困难儿童,6～9岁为多发年龄段;男270例,女86例,男∶女=3.1∶1。父母文化程度大多处于高中水平,66例为单亲家庭,占18%;智商处于边缘和中下水平的儿童238例,高于中等及以上水平(118例),(χ2=53.036,P<0.001)。小学低年组外向化行为问题多于初中组,初中组男生外向化行为问题多于女生[34例(36.9%)vs.3例,(3.2%)],小学低年组女生外向化行为问题多于小学高年组女生[31例(16.8%)vs.4例(5.0%)],两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。儿童适应行为能力比较显示,多亲家庭中儿童处于边缘者16例(42.1%),轻度异常者5例(13.2%),多于单亲家庭[14例(21.2%),2例(3.0%)]及核心家庭[58例(23.0%),12例(4.8)%]P均<0.001。结论学习困难儿童智商正常偏低,多处于边缘状态,单亲家庭儿童行为问题多见,而多亲家庭儿童社会适应能力较弱。

Objective To investigate the factors which might influence children＇s learning ability and provide data for preventing difficulties in learning. Methods 356 children with learning difficulties were tested with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children revised edition of China （c -wisc） ,Achenbach Child Behavior Scale （CBCL） ,Baby - the junior high school social scale（ s - m） and the self - questionnaire on the situation of children. The data were andlyzed. Results 6 - 9 years old children were the major component of the 356 cases with learning difficulties. Boys were significantly more than girls. Most of their parents had received high school education, and the percentage of single - parent families was 18%. Children with IQ level in the the low and high Limits were significantly more than those with middle and high IQ Level （x^2 = 53. 036, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The outward behaviors in low grades of elementary school were more than junior high school, and boys in junior high school were more than girls, but most girls were indrawn behavior. The outward behavior of girls in low - grade was significantly higher than girls in high - grade primary school （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The children who had lower adaptibility quotient than normal people and lived with grand - parents in many pro - family were significantly more than the ones in single - parent families and nuclear families（ x^2 = 8. 236, P 〈 0.005 ; x^2 = 11.03, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions The children who have learning difficulties generally have low IQ or are at the low limit. The children in single - parents families have many behavioral problems, while children in pro - parent families tend to have poor adaptability.