老年人群生存质量及相关影响因素初探

Study on Quality of Life of Elderly Population and Relevant Influential Factors

目的探讨不同地区老年人群的生存质量及其影响因素。方法采用非随机抽样方法,采用SF-36生存质量量表分别在广州和贵州黔西南州两地对60岁及以上老年人的生存质量状况进行调查,数据分析采用描述性统计、t检验、χ2检验。结果广州地区老年人群各年龄段的生理机能、躯体疼痛、精力、精神健康4个维度的生存质量评分均高于贵州地区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。按不同性别进行分层比较,不同性别的广州地区老年人群在生理机能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、精神健康5个维度得分均高于贵州,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);其中广州男性在社会功能维度的得分也高于贵州,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);广州女性在生理职能和情感职能维度得分也高于贵州,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论分年龄、地区和性别的老年人生存质量均存在差异。老年人群随着年龄的增长导致身体功能衰退和主观情绪障碍,生存质量有逐渐变差的趋势,广州地区各年龄段和不同性别的老年人群的生存质量均较贵州好。

Objective To assess the quality of life （QOL） of elderly population in different regions of China and its relevant influential factors. Methods A questionnaire based on SF- 36 QOL questionnaire was developed and used in the survey which was conducted in Guangzhou and Qianxinan Prefecture of Guizhou Province. The survey focused on the QOL of the elderly population aged 60 years or over in the two regions respectively using a conveniently acquired sample. The, collected data were analyzed by descriptive method, t test, and χ^2 test. Results The elderly population in Guangzhou of all age subgroups had higher QOL scores in PF, BP, VT and MH domains with statistical significance （P〈 0.001 ）. In the stratified comparison, higher scores were found in the Guangzhou elderly population in the domains of PF, BP, GH, VT and MH with statistical significance （P 〈 0.001）. The score of the SF domain was higher in Guangzhou male elderly population （P 〈 0. 001 ）, and the scores of the RPand RE domains Were higher in the female group of Guangzhou （P〈 0. 001）. Conclusions Factors including age, residential region and gender have potential influence on the QOL of elderly population. There is a decreasing trend in the QOL of elderly population as they become older and accordingly causing the loss of physical and mental health. And the elderly population in Guangzhou has better QOL than their peers in Guizhou Province in all age subgroups and both genders.