甲醛对小鼠胚胎的发育毒性

The Developmental Toxicity of Formaldehyde on Mouse Embryo in Vivo

目的探讨甲醛对小鼠胚胎的体内发育毒性。方法随机选择健康性成熟的昆明种小鼠,雌雄合笼产生孕鼠,孕鼠被随机分成5组,每组8只,分别在小鼠妊娠第6～15d用5、10、20mg/kg.d的甲醛进行灌胃染毒,每天一次,同时设生理盐水对照和环磷酰胺阳性对照。观察孕鼠的体重增长情况;于妊娠第18d处死孕鼠取出胚胎,观察胚胎的生长发育状况、死胎和吸收胎鼠数及畸形发生情况。结果与生理盐水组比较,中、高剂量甲醛染毒可降低孕鼠体重的增长率(P<0.05),高剂量甲醛染毒孕鼠能使胚胎吸收和死亡发生率增加(P<0.05),并可抑制胎盘和胎仔生长发育,中、高剂量甲醛染毒导致胎鼠畸形发生率增加(P<0.05),但对孕鼠和胎仔的毒作用影响均弱于环磷酰胺的毒性作用(P<0.05)。结论甲醛在体内对小鼠胚胎具有发育毒作用和致畸形作用。

Objective To explore the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde on mouse embryo in vivo. Methods 40 the pregnant mice were randomly averagely divided into .5 groups. 3 groups pregnant mice were lavaged from 6th to 15th day of mice pregnancy by formaldehyde in 5 mg/kg, d, 10 mg/kg, d and 20mg/kg. d respectively, and the other 2 groups were NS control and cyclophosphamide control （positive group）. The body weight of the pregnant mice was measured per 3 days. The pregnant mice were sacrificed at 18th day of mice pregnancy and mouse embryos were isolated. The growth development of placenta and embryo were measured, the absorbed and dead embryos were counted, the external appearances and internal organ malformations were observed. Results Comparing to NS control, formaldehyde of 10mg/kg. d and 20mg/kg. d decreased the growth of pregnant mice body weight, formaldehyde of high dose resulted in the increasing of the rate of the absorbed and dead embryo. And formaldehyde of middle and high dose could inhibit the development of placenta and embryo, moreover, it could induce increasing the rate of embryo malformations. But the toxic effects of formaldehyde ori mouse embryo and pregnant mice were lower than that of cyclophosphamide. Conclusion Formaldehyde may induce the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity on mouse embryo in vivo.