大曲害虫的发生、危害及治理

The Occurrence,the Harm and the Prevention of Daqu Pests

大曲内生存的酒曲害虫有大谷盗、咖啡豆象、赤拟谷盗、米象等。酒曲害虫的发生主要来自于大曲发酵后的降温期、曲库贮存期等。主要危害是影响大曲的产量、质量和周围环境,使曲块糖化力、液化力下降。采取的防治措施有:①加强曲库卫生管理;②合理计划生产,减少酒曲库存;③制订并严格遵守制曲工艺;④诱光灯捕杀;⑤使用药剂防治,包括喷洒化学药剂、生物杀虫剂等。

There are many pests species living in Daqu including Tenebroides mauritanicus, Araecerus fasciculatus, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae etc. The pests mainly start to live in Daqu in the temperature-dropping period after the fermentation of Daqu and the storage peri- od of Daqu. Daqu pests might deteriorate Daqu quality, damage the environment, and reduce Daqu yield and weaken the saccharifying power and the liquefying power of caky Daqu. The corresponding prevention ＆ treatment measures of Daqu pests were summed up in this paper as follows： 1. strengthening sanitary management of Daqu storage room; 2. scientific production plan to reduce the storage volume of the starter; 3. strict compliance with the formulated starter-making techniques; 4. light-induced killing; 5. the use of pesticides including spraying chemcial agents and biological pesticides etc.