隐喻的认知语用解读

Interpretation of the Metaphor from the Perspective of Cognitive Pragmatics

隐喻为日常言语中普遍的语言现象,对话语的理解和生成起着极为重要的作用。文章从会话含意理论对隐喻语用分析的局限入手,从关联理论的角度对隐喻进行认知语用解读,认为隐喻的理解就是听话人通过认知语境将接受话语建立的新假设进行关联、激活、选择、推理,最终获得隐喻会话含意的过程,隐喻是基于人类经验的概念性的认知方式。

Metaphor, the common language phenomenon in the daily speech, plays an important role in the understanding and production of discourse. This paper starts from the limitations of the analysis of pragmatic functions of metaphor from the perspective of theory of conversational implicature and interprets the cognitive and pragmatic functions of the metaphor from relevance theory, which leads to the conclusion that the understanding of metaphor is the process in which the listener, through cognitive context, receives the words, sets up new hypothesis to conduct relevance, activation, choice and reasoning and finally gets the conversational implicature of metaphor; metaphor is the conceptual cognitive style based on human experience.