基于生态需水的西安市城市水足迹研究

Studies on Water Footprints of Xi'an Based on the Ecological Water Requirements

水足迹和虚拟水是目前国际水资源领域研究的热点问题。以虚拟水、水足迹理论为基础,结合生态需水理论可以测算和分析西部城市西安市的水足迹状况,研究结果表明,西安市主要食品的虚拟水消费量呈出口状态,其中以粮食和奶类为主;西安市的虚拟水总量中以食品消费和城市生态需水所占份额最大,2007年分别占到60.63%和17.32%;相对于西安市的水资源承载力,西安市的水足迹呈现赤字状态,2007年的水赤字为38.29亿m3,因此西安市需要从区域外输入水资源承载力,并加强水资源管理,提高水资源的利用效率。

The study of water footprints and virtual water is an international hot research field of water resources issues. Based on virtual water, water footprint theory, this study calculates the water footprint of western city （Xi＇an） and the results of the study indicate that the virtual water consumption of the main food in Xi＇ an is mainly to food and milk; consumer goods and urban ecological water requirements share the largest ones in the total virtual water in Xi＇ an, accounting for 38.29 % and 30.43 96 in 2005; Compared to the water capacity of Xi＇an, the water footprints showed deficit state, in 2005 the deficit of water is 34.82m^3/person, however it needs the importation of water carrying capacity from the outside region to strengthen the management of water resources and improve water use efficiency.