贫铀弹击中坦克致下风方向人员健康风险

Health risk assessment for personnels in downwind when DU hit tanks

为评估贫铀(DU)的使用给一般参战人员带来的健康风险,根据美军的相关试验资料,研究了DU弹击中坦克后的气溶胶转化份额、成份、化学特性等参数,分别采用爆炸烟云法和Hotspot软件,计算了大口径DU弹击中坦克致下风方向参战人员吸入DU气溶胶的辐照剂量,采用Biokmod软件计算了DU在人体内的代谢规律。该辐照途径导致的参战人员个人辐照待积有效剂量E(τ)不超过0.136 mSv,超额终身癌症致病风险小于6.8×10-6,超额终身致死性癌症风险小于6.4×10-6。该健康风险水平能够被接受。

In order to assess the health risk for soldiers in the use of depleted uranium（DU） in war, based on the test data of US army,parameters of the aerosol such as conversion fraction, composition, chemical characteristics, etc. produced when the tank was hit by DU penetrator were analyzed. The explosion-cloud method and Hotspot software were adopted to calculate the personnel＇s DU exposure and inhalation doses in the downwind when the tank was hit by large caliber DU penetrator. The metabolic rule of DU in human body was analyzed by Biokmod software. The result shows that personal exposure dose E（r） under this condition was less than 0. 136 mSv. The risk of excess carcinogenic for lifetime was less than 6.8 × 10^-6 and the risk of excess lethiferous carcinogenic for lifetime was less than 6.4 × 10^-6. This health risk level may be accepted.