砖混结构抗震设计的若干思考

Certain ponders of the brick mixes structure earthquake resistance design

从汶川大地震砖混结构倒塌的现象,剖析当今砖混结构设计存在的不足。根据唐山地震和汶川地震的教训,结合工程实例,对砖混结构纵向抗震墙开洞大小和开洞位置不合适,以及上下洞口不规律所引起的上下墙不连续的砖混结构安全性进行分析。结果表明,纵向抗震墙开洞率大,在大震下均会产生震害,结构设计忽视设备留洞位置,会更加危险;砖混结构纵向抗震设计应引起设计人员的高度重视,复杂体形不采用砖混结构;设计规范应严格控制建筑方案。主要是对纵向开洞和抗震墙尺寸的控制。

The phenomenon that the brick mixes structures collapse in wenchuan strong earthquake indicates the current structural design is unperfect. According to lessons of the Tangshan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake and engineering example, the inappropriate size and position of holes in longitudinal earthquake resistance walls and the irregular upper and lower holes caused discontiguous walls and the brick mixes structures security is analysised. The results indicate that, the too big holes in the longitudinal earthquake resistance walls produce the evil in the strong quake shakes and the structural design where equipment holes are neglected is dangerous. The longitudinal earthquake resistance design of the brick mixes structure is supposed to cause the designers＇ attentions and the complex builds do not use the brick mixes structure. In order to control the earthquake resistance security of the structure, the design standard should control the construction plan strictly, mainly on the longitudinal hole and the size of the earthquake resistance wall.