城市小汽车发展的外部性及其引导控制方案

The Exterior Features of The Development of Urban Cars and Its Pilot Control Scheme

以外部性经济理论为基础,分析了小汽车外部成本,指出小汽车使用实际支付成本小于其社会成本,存在外部不经济,这是小汽车飞速发展的经济学本质原因。从小汽车出行对其他交通方式的影响、对环境的污染和对道路土地资源的占用三个方面对小汽车所需额外支付的社会成本进行计算,并以燃油附加税的形式实施并给出计算模型,实现小汽车实际支付成本等于其社会成本,从而有效引导小汽车理性发展,实现帕累托资源最优配置。

The authors analyze the external cost of a ear, and point out that the actual cost is less than the social cost for using the car based on external economic theory,which is the true economic reason of the rapid development of cars. The additional social cost of using a car is calculated through three aspects, which includes the impact on other traffic modes, pollution of land and the occupancy of road resources. A calculation model is given in the form of fuel surcharges to realize the equal value between the actual ear payment and the social cost. Consequently, the effective guide to the rational development of cars is achieved,optimal allocation of resources is realized.