不同施氮水平对水稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Yield and Quality of Rice

[目的]探讨不同氮肥水平对水稻品种产量和品质的影响。[方法]以杂交粳稻辽优20、弯穗品种沈农8718、半直立穗的沈稻8号和沈稻9号4个品种为试材,施氮处理设3个水平(不施肥、施氮150和225 kg/hm2),测定各个品种的产量以及糙米率、精米率、整精米率等,研究不同施氮量对水稻产量及其构成因素以及对稻米品质的影响。[结果]适量的增施氮肥可增加水稻的单位面积穗数、每穗粒数以及成粒数,从而增加水稻产量,但施氮量不宜超过150 kg/hm2。适量的增施氮肥可提高稻米的糙米率和整精米率,改善稻米的加工品质,增加稻米的蛋白质含量,减小胶稠度和直链淀粉含量,影响稻米的蒸煮食味品质。4个品种间各指标有不同程度的差异。[结论]在水稻栽培过程中应适量施加氮肥。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to explore the effects of different nitrogen （N） levels on yield and quality of rice varieties. [ Method] With 4 varieties as tested materials,including Japonica hybrid rice of Liaoyou 20,curvedear variety of Shennong 8718 ,semi-erect panicle rice of Sbendao 8 and Sbendao 9,3 N levels （ no fertilizer,N application at 150 and 225 kg/hm^2 ） were set up,the yield and brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate etc. of each variety were determined to study the effects of different N application rate on rice yield and its component factors and rice quality. [ Result ] Applying appropriate N fertilizer could increase the panicle per unit area, grain number per panicle and grain number so as to enhance rice yield,but the N application rate should not be more than 150 kg/hm^2. A proper amount of N application was able to raise the brown rice rate and head rice rate of rice, and improve the rice processing quality, increase rice protein content, decrease the gel consistency and amylose content of rice and influence the cooking and eating quality of rice. There were various differences to some extent among 4 varieties. [ Conclusion] The N fertilizer should be applied properly during rice cultivation.