会理青皮软籽石榴开花期光合特性研究

Research on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Huili Pomegranate with Qingpi and Soft Seed in Flowering Period

［目的］探索西昌地区光照、气温等条件与石榴光合特性的相关性。［方法］用Li-6400光合测定仪对田间自然条件下会理青皮软籽石榴开花期的光合特性进行测定并分析。［结果］石榴叶片的光合速率日变化为双峰型，具有明显的“午休”特性。7：00～11：00石榴叶片光合速率随光照强度的增强而增长，11：00出现第1次高峰;之后光合速率开始下降，中午13：00达到谷底;13：00后缓慢回升，15：00达到第2次高峰;之后光合速率迅速下降至最低点。从7：00开始,石榴叶片光合速率随气温的上升而增强，到11：00气温29 ℃时达到一天中最大值;之后气温超过30 ℃，光合速率下降，且在13：00气温34℃时达到谷底;15：00气温回落至30 ℃时出现第2次高峰。石榴的光合速率与气孔导度呈极显著相关关系。其光合作用受叶片内部气孔活动状态、光照强度和气温等的影响。［结论］为指导石榴生产提供了一定的理论依据。

[ Objective] The relevance between the light, temperature and other conditions Xichang region and photosynthetic characteristics of pomegranate was explored. [ Method ] The photosynthetic characteristics of Huili pomegranate in flowering period under natural field condition was determined and analyzed with Li-6400 Photosynthesis Meter. [ Results ] The diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of pomegranate leaf was two peaks, indicating a clear feature of ＂break thne＂ at noon. From 7：00 to 11：00 the photosynthetic rate of pomegranate leaf was strengthened with the enhancement of light intensity; its 1 st peak was showed at 11：00 and then it was started to decline until 13：00; it was slowly recovery at 13：00 and its 2nd peak appeared at 15 ： 00 and then it was rapidly declined to lowest value. Started from 7：00, the photosynthetic rate of pomegranate leaf was increased with the temperature-increasing and its maximum value appeared at 11：00 when the temperature reached 29 ℃ ; and then the photosynthetic rate was declined because the temperature would be above 30 ℃ ; the lowest value of photosynthetic rate appeared at 13：00 when the temperature could be 34 ℃ ; the 2nd peak of photosynthetic rate was showed when the temperature dropped from 15：00 was 30 ℃ when the 2nd peak. There was the significant correlation between the photosynthetic rate and the stomatal conductance of pomegranate and the photosynthesis was affected by the internal pore activity in leaf, light intensity, temperature and so on. [ Conclusion] The theorelical basis of pomegranate production was provided.