修剪调节对郁闭苹果园果品生产的影响

Effects of Pruning on Fruit Production of Canopy Closured Malus pumila Mill. cv. Fuji Orchard

[目的]通过改造郁闭老果园,探讨提高果品质量的途径。[方法]对郁闭红富士苹果果园连续进行了2年的重疏剪和中疏剪处理,测定了果树枝量、透光率、果实着色、硬度以及叶片叶绿素含量、比叶重。[结果]果园第2、3年的总枝量可保持基本不变,枝类组成趋向合理;通风透光条件得到改善,树冠下透光率达25%左右;功能叶中叶绿素含量提高,比叶重增加;重疏剪处理的果树优质果比例可达80%。[结论]通过疏剪方式,可改造郁闭老果园,提高果品生产能力和品质。

[ Ohjective] The research aimed to improve fruit quality of old coverage Fuji apple orchard. [ Method] Heavy prune and moderate prune were used in high-density Fuji apple tree. And total shoot biomass, transmittance, toughness of fruit, color of fruit and chlorophyll of leaves were determined in the following two years. [ Result ] Total shoot biomass was steady and the shoot type of trees was reasonable. Ventilation condition was improved and mean transmittance of tree was enhanced with 25%. The content of chlorophyll was improved and special leaf weight was increased too. The proportion of high quality fruit from heavy pruned trees was higher with 80% than controlled tree. [ Conclusion ] The technology of pruning not only changed the coverage orchard, but also improved fruit quality and ability of production.