11种唇形科药用植物叶表及腺毛的形态比较

Morphological Comparison on the Leaf Epidermis and Glandular Hairs in 11 Medical Plants from Labiatae

[目的]为利用叶表面和腺毛形态特征区分唇形科植物奠定基础。[方法]选取11种常见的唇形科药用植物,利用扫描电镜观察比较其叶表面及腺毛的形态特征。[结果]叶表皮细胞表面覆有一层厚度适中的角质层,有不同程度的条状纹理。下表皮细胞小于上表皮细胞。叶表面有气孔、腺毛和非腺毛,且下表面的气孔、腺毛和非腺毛比上表面多。气孔呈圆形至椭圆形,副卫细胞表面的角质层常凸起呈苞片状,气孔周围有条状纹理,且常以气孔为中心呈放射状。非腺毛分枝或不分枝;基部的条状角质纹理呈放射状或纵横交错。腺毛呈盾状或头状,腺毛的形态、大小、密度和头细胞的数目有明显的差别。[结论]该研究为唇形科药用植物的分类和利用提供了新的依据。

[ Objective ] The purpose of the study was to lay a foundation for distinguishing labiatae plants on the basis of the morphological characters of leaf epidermis and glandular hairs. [ Method ] Eleven familiar medial plants from labiatae were seleeted, their morphological characters of leaf epidermis and glandular hairs were observed by scanning electron microscope and compared. [ Result ] There was a moderately thick cuticle covering the surface of leaf epidermis cells and it had striped texture to different degrees. The lower epidermis ceils were smaller than the upper epidermis cells. There were stomata, glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs on leaf epidermis and that on the lower leaf epidermis were more than that on the upper leaf epidermis. The stomata varied from circular to ellipse, the cuticle covering the surface of subsidiary cell often bulged to be bracteal. There was striped texture around stomata and it was often radial with stomata as center. There were branches on non-glandular hairs or not and the striped cuticle textures on their bases were radial or crossing. The glandular hairs were pehate or capitate and the shape, sizes, densities and capitulum numbers of glandular hairs had obvious difference. [ Conclusion] The study supplied new basis for the glassification and utilization of medical plants from labiatae.