近代中国农村收入分配与消费差异研究

The rural income distribution and consumption difference in modern China

本文首先计算了近代中国农村收入的宏观基尼系数;之后通过作为农村最高收入阶层的城居地主和最低收入阶层的雇农,具体分析近代中国农村收入分配差距及其变动趋势;最后通过恩格尔系数比较了近代农家不同收入群体的消费水平差异,以印证对农村收入差距状况的估计。三种方法的结论均表明,近代中国农村各阶层间的收入分配差距并没有高到悬殊的程度,也没有出现恶化的趋势,农村不同收入阶层间的恩格尔系数差距也不很大。

This paper first calculated the general Gini Coefficient in modem rural China. Then observed the rural income distribution change in Modem China from two aspects： the absentee landlords as the richest class, and the wage labors as the poorest one. The third approach was to compare the Engel coefficient between different income classes in rural China. All of these studies showed that the rural income inequality was neither extreme nor increasing in modem China. However, the increasing scale of absentee landlord also caused the rural area to be getting worse and worse, even the richest class in rural republic China was only beyond the subsistence line.