留学生与1920-1930年代市政学的传入及其人才培养

Returned Students Introducing Municipal Science and Training Municipal Talents in 1920-1930's

19世纪以来,以美国为代表的世界性市政改革运动,不仅成功地确立起适应现代化城市发展要求的管理制度,而且极大地推动了城市社会的发展,带动了市政研究的兴起。20世纪初,美国城市社会的重大变动和美国学界的研究动向,引起了中国留学生的关注和兴趣,他们多在美国知名市政研究机构学习或实践,是近代中国第一批经过正规训练的市政专门人才。而民国初年中国近代城市化的进程也促使国内城市管理体制发生变动。1920年代回国的市政学留学生们主动适应国内城市发展的需要,积极介绍以美国为代表的世界性市政改革潮流,热情传播市政学知识,推动了市政学的输入,并促成了市政专门人才的培养,为1920-1930年代国内市政改革运动的开展提供了理论依据和人才支持。从此,近代中国的城市发展融入世界城市发展潮流中,与世界城市发展动向形成了密不可分的连动关系。

Municipal science is a subject on municipal organization and municipal management. The worldly trend of municipal reform movement from the 19 century not only successfully set up the modem municipal management system, but also greatly pushed the development of the municipal research. Chinese students abroad were interested in the great change of the American urban society and in the research trend of the American academic circle. They mostly studied or practiced in American famous municipal research institutes and became the first talents of modem China specializing in municipal science. The procession of modem urbanization requested a great change in the municipal management system in the early period of the Republic of China. In order to adapt the development demand of civil cities, the returned students specializing in municipal science in 1920g introduced the worldly trend of municipal reform movement and transmitted the basic knowledge of municipal science. Their efforts not only pushed the input of municipal science but also fostered the training of municipal talents. Both provided theory foundation and specialists support for the municipal reform movement in 1920 - 1930＇s in China. From then on, the urban development of China began to enter the stream of the urban development of the world and formed a close link relationship with the urban development trend of the world.