生命超越:文学最深层的永恒主题

Life Transcendence:Profound Eternal Theme in Literature

生命超越是人的生命的本质特征,当人与外在世界发生关系时,希望摆脱外在自然规律的限制,超越动物那样的自然奴隶的身份,实现人与外在自然的和谐关系;同时,人更渴望摆脱自身内在的限制,实现人与自我的和谐关系,达到神那样的无限性和神圣性。生命超越一开始就是一种精神超越,它是一种信仰、态度、理想、希望,本质上是人面对一个异化的世界既无能为力而又心有不甘的产物,表达着人不满足于不完美的生存状态而渴求完美、升华的追求。"生命超越"存在于各种话语中,不同时代、不同文化对其解释各有不同。但就人的生命本身而言,则积淀着人类代代相袭又生生不息的内在诉求,是人类永恒不灭的情结。当这一情结诉诸于文学世界时,就构成了文学的最深层的永恒主题:"生命超越"。正是"生命超越"主题的存在,人们可以俯瞰人类生命的过去,把握人类生命的未来,生命在文学显现中得以永恒。生命超越主题研究不同于哲学、伦理学、心理学、美学等生命超越研究,它立足于非概念的形象性、非逻辑的想象性、非信仰的情感性,来探讨不同民族文学经典中超越主题的价值及其差异,追寻一种超时空的文化意义,具有跨越国别和民族界限的共通意义。这不仅是一种超越意象的外在把握,也是一种超越意义的内在探求;不仅是一种超越形态的历史整理,也是一种超越心理的文化剖析;不仅是一种超越意蕴的显意识描述,也是一种超越逻辑的潜意识的揭示。

Life transcendence is the essential feature of human. Having something to do with outer world, human hopes to cast off the restriction of natural laws, surpass the natural slave status as an animal and realize harmonious relationship between human and nature. Simultaneously human is more eager to shake off the restriction of himself, realize the harmonious relationship between human and self, reach the limitless and holies as god. Life transcendence is a kind of the spirit transcendence from the beginning, which is a sort of belief, altitude, ideal, and wish, in essence, a result from human＇s powerless and unwillingness to the alienation world. Expressing the wish of human＇s pursuit for perfectness and distillation for human not being satisfied with imperfect living conditions. Life transcendence exists in all kinds of contexts and has different interpretation at different times and cultures. But for the human himself, life transcendence stores up ever - lasting inner demands inherited from generation after generation and is the complex of human immortal eternity. When the complex resorts to the literature world, life transcendence becomes the profoundest and eternal theme of literature. It is the existence of the theme of life transcendence that people can view at the past of human life, grasp the future of human and keep life eternal in the literature. The study on the theme of life transcendence differs from that of philosophy, ethics, psychology and aesthetics, which is based on non-concept image, in logical imagination, non - belief emotion and studies the value and the distinction of the theme of life transcendence in different national literatures, seeks for the cultural significance of surpassing the time and space and has the common significance of transferring nationalities and national boundary .