论量刑情节的根据

The Basis of Penal Discretion Circumstances

量刑情节是刑法中刑罚制度的一个重要问题,对其进行深入的研究,就必须首先研究其存在的根据。量刑情节的根据可以从法学理论、立法和刑罚实现三个层面探寻。法学理论中,法的价值都包含着公正性和人道性两个最基本的理念。由于量刑情节直接影响到量刑的轻重,从而对公民的人身、财产进行剥夺和限制,因此在刑罚裁量过程中必须遵守"公正"这一法的基本价值,尊重犯罪人的基本人权。从法律层面对犯罪人施以刑罚的标准上,应当贯彻"罪责刑相适应原则"与"刑罚个别化原则"的有效统一。从刑罚实现的角度分析,刑法的效力向刑法的实效转化的程度,由刑法规定的合理性决定,量刑情节的存在体现了刑罚规定的效力性与实效性的统一。

Penal discretion circumstance is one of the major issues of penalty system in the criminal law. A probe of the issue in depth first of all, invites a close investigation of the basis for its existence, which may be done at the three levels of jurist theory, legislation and penalty. In the jurist law, the value of the law includes justice and humanity. As penal discretion circumstances can influence the measure of punishment, which is to deprive of or limit the citizens＇ freedom and property, so we must follow strictly the basic value of justice in the determination of terms of punishment and respect the criminal＇s basic human rights. The punishment based on the Criminal Law should consider the effective unification between ＂the principle of adaptability of responsibility to phenomena＂ and ＂the principle of individualization of punishment＂. From the prospective of punishment realization, the efficiency of criminal law as converted to the actual effect, is determined by the rationality of criminal law. The penal discretion circumstance reflects the unity of the efficiency and pragmaticality of the criminal law system.