科学社会学视野中的科学与社会的关系

The Relationship of Science and Society in the Perspective of Sociology of Science

默顿于20世纪30年代末发表的博士论文成为科学社会学的奠基之作,并开创了传统的科学社会学学派,用社会学的方法研究科学。到60、70年代,社会建构主义学派在西欧兴起,科学知识成为科学社会学的主要研究对象。科尔试图在默顿学派和社会建构主义之间架起一座桥梁—实在论的建构主义,提出了一种新的科学观。

In 1938, Merton published his dissertation on the science, technology and society of the sevemeenth century in England and it became the foundation of sociology of science. During 60＇s and 70＇s in the 20th century,constructivism had set up and developed into the main school of sociology of science in Europe and scientific knowledge became the main subject. In the middle of 905 of 20th century,Stephen Cole put forwand the theory of realism constructivism and studied scientific knowledge form a new perspective.