深圳市1328例道路交通伤流行病学特征及伤情特点分析

Epidemiologic and injury characteristics of 1 328 road traffic injuries in Shenzhen

目的通过医院急诊就诊渠道分析深圳市道路交通伤的流行病学特征及伤情特点。方法预先设计调查问卷，在2007年1月～2007年12月对深圳市6所综合性医院急诊外科收治的道路交通伤患者的临床资料进行分析。结果共收集道路交通伤患者1328例；年龄2～84岁，平均31岁。受伤人群主要为工人和农民工（57．8％）；肇事车辆主要为小型汽车（48．5％）；道路交通伤发生主要地点为市内公路（78．6％）；伤害发生的周分布中，以星期五、六最多，分别达到17．8％和18．7％，在星期五存在集中趋势（r=0．1660，P〈0．01）。伤害发生的昼夜分布中，围绕下午15：35存在集中趋势（r=0．2856，P〈0．01）；男性年龄（32．36±8．70）岁，大于女性年龄（29．96±4．32）岁，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。随访患者中84．4％恢复原来工作，8．5％调换工作，7．1％不能参加工作。结论可以通过进一步加强工人和农民工交通安全教育，提高交通安全意识。根据道路交通伤的高发时间曲线在道路交通多发时段、地段适当增加交通管理人员，增加交通安全提示标志。控制小型汽车数量是减少交通事故发生的有效手段。

Objective To analyze epidemiologic and injury characteristics of traffic injuries in Shenzhen through emergency department. Methods A questionnaire was pre-designed to collect data of patients admitted to six general emergency departments of six district in Shenzhen from January 2007 to December 2007 for clinical analysis. Results There were 1 328 patients with road traffic injuries, at age range of 2-84 years （average 31 years）. According to occupation, most patients were local workers and migrant workers （57.8%）. The accidental vehicles were mostly cars （48.5%）. Most accidents （78.6%） occurred in urban streets. As for time distribution of traffic injuries, most injuries happened on Friday and Saturday （accounting for 17. 8% and 18.7% respectively）, especially on Friday （r =0. 166 0, P〈0.01）. There was central tendency around 15：35 p.m. in one day （r =0. 285 6, P 〈 0.01 ）. The age of male was （32.36 ± 8.70） years and that of female （29.96 ±4.32 ） years, with statistical differences （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Of patients followed up, 84.4% patients could work on their original jobs, 8.5% needed change of their jobs and 7.1% lost the ability of work. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen road safety education among local workers and migrant workers to improve their awareness of road safety. Traffic administrators and road safety marks should be added in the chief period and districts where road traffic injuries happen most frequently. Controlling the number of small cars may be effective to reduce traffic accidents.