杆状病毒在害虫控制中的应用策略

Application Strategies of Baculovirus in Pest Control

杆状病毒被视为安全和可供选择的生物杀虫剂,已经被广泛应用于防治多类害虫。限制杆状病毒使用的主要因素包括杀虫谱狭窄,杀虫速度缓慢,在试验商品生产中存在技术和经济困难,频繁监测其应用效果比较耗时,气候变化导致其田间药效变化不定等。科学家针对杆状病毒的缺点,尤其是其缓慢的作用速度,正在研究一系列策略,包括增加化学或生物物质的表达量及通过基因工程手段表达其毒素或荷尔蒙。此类策略能提高病毒的活动量和增加其作用速度,并且能够减少幼虫的进食量和进食速度。杆状病毒用于控制鳞翅目昆虫的功效正在接受检验。

Baculoviruses are regarded as safe and selective bio-insecticides. They have been used worldwide against many insect pests. Problems that have limited the expansion of baculovirus use, including narrow host range, slow killing speed, technical and economical difficulties for in vitro commercial production, timing of application based on frequent host population monitoring, variability of field efficacy due to climatic conditions. Aiming at the limitations of baculoviruses, especially their slow killing activity, a lot of strategies have been investigated, which include the use of chemical or biological substances added to virus formulations and genetic engineering of the viruses themselves to express insect toxins or hormones. Such strategies can enhance viral activity and increase speed of killing as well as reduce larval feeding activity. The use of baculoviruses against Lepidoptera was reviewed.