高尔夫球场化肥农药迁移规律研究

Study on the Transfer Laws of Pesticide and Fertilizers on Golf Course

采用模拟试验和现场监测的方法,研究了百菌清、氯氰菊酯、肥料在高尔夫球场草坪中随水迁移规律及在土壤和植物中的残留变化。结果表明:在低、中、高3种浓度施用情况下,氯氰菊酯和百菌清在土壤和淋溶液中的迁移含量均在检出限以下,施药7 d后3种浓度在草坪植物中的残留量分别为23.8、505.0和771.5μg/kg;施肥22 d后磷素在水中的迁移总量仅为施肥量的0.45%;三氮随水迁移的总量为施氮量的75.2%,其中迁移液中最高浓度可达《GB3838-2002国家地表水水质标准》Ⅴ水质标准的1 500倍,表明三氮是高尔夫球场草坪地表水和地下水潜在的污染源之一。现场监测结果表明,球场上下游人工湖水氮素含量相差0.022 2 mg/L,对外界影响不大;施药3 d后球场地表水、淋溶液和土壤中农药均未检出,在果领植物样中的残留量最高达1 349μg/kg。

Using simulation experiment and spot monitoring method, the transfer laws of chlorothalonile, cypermethrin and fertilizers on the golf course lawn with water and their residue changes in soil and plants were studied. At high, medium and low concentration, the transfer contents of chlorothalonile and cypermethrin in soil and leaching liquor were below the detection limits. Their residual quantity in lawn plants after medication 7 d were 23.8, 505.0 and 771.5μg/kg respectively. The total transfer mass of P in water after fertilization 22 d was only 0.45% of fertilization amount. Total transfer mass of three kind nitrogen （ NH4^＋ , NO2^- and NO3^- ） with water was 75.2% of fertilization amount. The maximum concentration in water could reach 1 500 times of V-grade water quality standard in GB3838-2002 Water Quality Standards for Surface Water Quality, indicating that three kinds of nitrogen were potential pollution sources of surface water and ground water on the golf course lawn. The spot monitoring results showed that the nitrogen content of upstream and downstream lake on the golf course had the difference of 0. 022 2 mg/L and no great influence on outside. After medication 3 d, pesticide was not detected in surface water, leaching liquor and soil of golf course and the maximum residual quantity in green plant samples reached 1 349 μkg.