不同天气下的温室环境日变化研究

Study on the Diurnal Variation of Greenhouse Environment under Different Weather Conditions

[目的]为合理调控温室内的环境因子和指导温室内的作物生产实践提供依据。[方法]通过测定不同天气条件下日光温室内外的温度、光照强度,分析了不同天气条件下日光温室内地温的变化规律和同一天气条件下不同土壤深度的地温变化。[结果]在多云天,出现晴天时日光温室内外的光照强度和气温均增加;出现多云时日光温室内外的光照强度均下降且气温上升缓慢乃至下降。雨天日光温室内外的光照强度都很低,白天日光温室内外的平均光照强度分别为60、150 lx,最高分别达142、307 lx。雪天,白天日光温室内外的平均光照强度比雨天高,分别达150、200 lx。室内温度的最大降幅为5.40℃,室外温度的最大降幅为10.46℃。晴天日光温室内地温的变化幅度最大。在同一天气条件下,不同土壤深度的地温变化幅度为:5 cm>10 cm>15 cm>20 cm。[结论]温室环境的日变化主要取决于前一天的天气和保温情况。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide basis for reasonably regulate the environmental factors and guide the production practices of crops in greenhouse. [ Method] Through determining the temperatures and light intensities in and outside sunlight greenhouse under different weather conditions, the variation law of ground temperature in sunlight greenhouse under different weather conditions and the ground temperature change at different soil depths under the same weather condition were analyzed. [ Result] In cloudy days, while it was sunny, the light intensities and air temperatures in and outside sunlight greenhouse were increased; while it was cloudy, the light intensities in and outside sunlight greenhouse were decreased and their temperatures were increased sowly or even decreased. In rainy days, beth the light intensities in and outside sunlight greenhouse were very low, the average light intensities in and outside sunlight greenhouse in daytime were 60 and 150lx resp. and their highest light intensities were 142 and 307lx resp. In snowy days, the average light intensities in and outside sunlight greenhouse in daytime were higher than that in rainy days, being up to 150 and 200 lx. The largest decreasing range of indoor temperature was 5.40℃ and that of outside temperature was 10.46℃. The change range of ground temperature in sunlight greenhouse in clear days was largest. Under the same weather condition, the change ranges of ground temperature at different soil depths were ： 5 cm 〉 10 cm 〉 15 cm 〉 20 cm. [ Conclusion] The daily change of greenhouse environment mainly depended on pridian weather and insulation situation.