ICU气管插管病人的镇痛、镇静及护理

Tranquillizing, calming and nursing of endotracheal intubation patients at ICU

气管插管因能保持呼吸道通畅，便于清除呼吸道分泌物，避免误吸，并能进行辅助性或控制性机械通气而被广泛应用于临床。但放置导管会增加患者的痛苦，引起患者烦躁不安，甚至自行拔管，导致咽喉部损伤，病情恶化，甚至死亡等严重后果。因此做好气管插管病人的镇痛、镇静及护理是非常必要的。本文就ICU气管插管患者镇痛、镇静的原因、目的、药物的选择和镇痛、镇静水平的评价及镇痛、镇静的护理五个方面进行综述。

Endotracheal intubation has been widely applied in clinic for the reason that it can keep respiratory tract unobstructed, easy to remove respiratory secretions, avoid aspiration, and perform auxiliary or controlling mechanical ventilation. However, catheter placement will increase the suffei＇ing of patients, cause them into dysphoria, and even self - extubafion, resulting in the throat injury, deterioration, and other serious consequences or even death. So it＇s essential to do a good job in tranquillizing, calming and nursing for endotracheal intubafion patients. This article is based on the statements for such five aspects as cuase, purpose, choice of drugs, evaluation, and nursing of tranquillizing and calming for the endotracheal intubation patients at ICU.