园林树木白蚁危害的调查与评价

Investigation and Evaluation of Termite Damage to Urban Forest Trees

为南京地区园林树木白蚁危害状况,提出应用白蚁危害株率(TDP)和白蚁危害指数(TDI)作为评价树木白蚁危害损失的指标,并在冬、春季节应用于林间调查。调查结果表明:南京地区主要园林树种白蚁危害情况按TDP降序排列为:中山柏(90.2%)、女贞(88.4%)、香樟(69.4%)、落叶松(69.2%)、二球悬铃木(65.4%)、刺槐(60.0%)、广玉兰(52.8%)、水杉(50.1%)、马褂木(50.0%);按TDI降序排列为:刺槐(0.503)、女贞(0.319)、麻栎+枹栎(0.290)、香樟(0.213)、马褂木+杂交马褂木(0.185)、中山柏(0.124)、广玉兰(0.150)、杨树(0.126)、池杉(0.112)、水杉(0.100)、落叶松(0.086)、悬铃木(0.056)。受害程度较低的有枫杨、朴树、青檀、楝树、火炬松、柳杉、雪松、马尾松、榆树、黑松等。差异显著性检验表明:南京紫金山地区林木白蚁危害受土壤条件、树龄和树势等因素的影响明显。

Termite Damage Percentage （TDP） and Termite Damage Index （TDI） were used in termite damage investigation for further understanding of termite damage to trees in urban forest. Termite damage investigation and evaluation were carfled out by using these indexes during winter and early spring in Nanjing Area. The results showed that the most commonly damaged tree species with higher TDPs were ranked in the descended order as follows ： Cupressus lusitanica ＇ Zhongshanbai＇ （90.2%）, Ligustrum lucidum （88.4%）, Cinnamomum camphora （69.4%）, Larix gmellini （69.2%）, Platanus acerifolia （65.4%）, Robinia pseudoacacia （ 60. 0% ）, Magnolia grandiflora （ 52. 8% ）, Metasequoia glyptostroboides （50.1%）, Liriodendron chinense and L. chinense x tulipifera （50.0%） and heavily damaged tree species with higher TDIs were ranked in descended order as follows： Robiaiapseudoacacia （0.503）, L. lucidum （0.319）, Quercus glandulifera and Q. acutissima （0.290） , Cinnamomum camphora （0.213 ） , L. chinense and L. chinense × tulipifera （ 0. 185 ） , C. lusitanica ＇Zhongshanbai＇ （0. 124）, M. grandiflora （0. 150）, Populus sp. （0. 126）, Taxodium ascendens （0. 112）, M. glyptostroboides （0. 100） , L. gmeUini （0.086） , P. acerifolia （0.056）. The slightly damaged tree species were listed as follows ： Pterocarya stenoptera , Celtis tetrandra , Pterocehis tatarinowii , Melia azedarach , Piaus taeda , Cryptomeria fortunei , Cedrus deodara, P. massoniana, Ulmus sp. , P. thunbergii etc. It was found that the termite damage to urban forest trees in Ziin Mountain area, Nanjing was significantly influenced by the soil conditions, age and health of trees.