干旱条件下黑土农田水分特征研究

Black soil field water characteristics in dry years

在中国科学院海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 应用长期定位试验研究了干旱年份不同施肥处理下的黑土农田水分状况。结果表明：在干旱年份, 大气降水不能满足玉米对水分的需求, 土壤利用“土壤水库”中的水分进行补给, 在玉米全生育期土壤供水量占玉米耗水量的比例为22.23%-25.99%；肥料的施用能够调节土壤的供水能力, 表现为化肥＋有机肥处理〉化肥处理〉无肥处理；玉米的耗水量和耗水强度也表现出相同趋势；肥料的施用, 特别是化肥和有机肥配合施用能够提高玉米的水分利用效率。

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different fertilization treatments on soil moisture in black soils during relatively dry years. The study was based on long-term field experiment in Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results show that precipitation is below corn water requirement in dry years. The water deficit is met by soil moisture reserve. The ratio of soil water supply to maize water consumption is 22.23% ~ 25.99% for the entire maize growth season. The capacity of soil water supply is regulated by fertilization. The order of effect of treatments on soil moisture is chemical fertilizer plus organic manure （F3）〉 chemical fertilizer （F2）〉no fertilizer （F1）. A similar trend is observed for the amount and rate of maize water consumption. Fertilization enhances water use efficiency of corn, especially chemical fertilizer plus organic manure treatment.