云南铁壳麦遗传多样性的SSR标记分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King Using SSR Makers

云南铁壳麦是云南省特有的种质资源，具有丰富的遗传变异和优良性状，可用于拓宽现代小麦的遗传基础。本试验利用20对SSR引物对36个云南铁壳麦进行了遗传多样性分析，结果共检测到39个等位变异，每对引物等位变异数在1—3个，平均为1．95个。Nei＇s基因多样性指数（iq）为0．00—0．50，平均为0．24；Shannon信息指数（I）为0．00～0．69，平均为0．38；遗传距离（go）为0．03～0．62，平均为0．24；说明铁壳麦遗传差异较小。聚类分析结果表明，在遗传距离约0．44处，可以将36份铁壳麦材料分为4类。其中腾冲的铁壳麦与龙陵的大河头小麦、镇康顶莨铁壳麦与永德短芒铁壳麦、双江铁壳麦2与风庆硬壳麦1遗传距离较近，双江铁壳麦4与其它铁壳麦存在较大的遗传差异。

Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King, which is unique germplasm from Yunnan, was considered as useful germplasm for enhancing genetic diversity of bread wheat,20 SSR markers were used to analyze genetic diversity among 36 eultiars. Totally,39 allelic variations were detected among 36 germplasms, 1 - 3 allelic variations were detected at different SSR locus, with the average of 1.95 alleles per SSR marker. The index of Nei ＇s （ 1973 ） gene diversity （ H ） was 0.00 - 0.50, with the average of 0.24, Shannon＇s Information index （I） was 0. 00 - 0.69 ,with the average of 0.38, Genetic distance （ GD ） was 0.03 - 0.62 with the average of 0.24. There were less allelic variations in Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King. The clustering analysis of amplifying DNA bands showed that 36 cultivars were divided into 4 clustering groups at the genetic distance of 0.44 and the genetic distance was shorter between Tiekemai from Tengchong and Dahetouxianmai from Longling, Dinglangtiekemai from Zhenkang and Duanmangtiekemai from Yongde as well as between Tiekemai 2 from Shuangjiang and Yingkemai 1 from Fengqing,wbereas that between Tiekemai4 from Shuangjiang and others was longer.