土荆芥挥发油化感作用的初步研究

Allelopathy of Volatile Oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L.on Receptors

运用以MS为培养基建立的组织培养法研究了土荆芥挥发油对黄瓜((Cucumis sativusL.)、绿豆(Phaseolus radiatusL.)、油菜(Brassica campestrisL.)、莴苣(Lactuca sativaL.)和小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)等5种受体植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:土荆芥挥发油对5种受体植物的幼苗生长均具有显著的抑制效应(P(0.01),小麦、油菜、莴苣、绿豆、黄瓜的平均苗高分别为对照组的42.45%,50.97%,79.98%,61.30%和37.84%,平均根长为对照组的25.77%,37.73%。74.89%,60.06%和52.40%;除了对黄瓜和绿豆种子萌发影响不显著外,对小麦、油菜、莴苣的种子萌发具有延迟萌发和抑制萌发的效应。小麦、油菜、莴苣的种子平均萌发率仅为对照组的25.97%,25.39%,32.82%,平均萌发速度仅为对照组的34.33%,46.04%,19.63%;5种受体植物中对土荆芥挥发油的化感作用敏感程度依次为小麦、油菜、黄瓜、绿豆、莴苣。

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is one of the invasive plants in China. In order to explore the relationship between allelopathy and invasiveness of this species, the allelopathy of volatile oil from this species on seed germination and seedling growth of 5 receptors, Cucumis sativus L. （cucumber） ,Phaseolus rad/atus L. （mung bean） ,Brassica campestris L. （rape） ,Lactuca sativa L （lettuce）and Triticum aestivum L （ wheat）was studied by using culture method with the MS culture medium added volatile oil from C. ambrosioides. The results showed that the volatile oil on seedling growth of 5 receptors had significant inhibitory effects （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with control, the average seedling height of wheat,rape,lettuce,mung bean and cucumber were 42.45 % ,50.97 % ,79.98 % ,61.30 % and 37.84 % respectively,and average root length were 25.77 % ,37.73 % ,74.89 % ,60.06 % and 52.40 % respectively. The effects of the volatile oil on seed germination of cucumber and mung bean ware not significant. In contrast, this volatile oil inhibited and delayed the seed germination of wheat, rape and lettuce. And the average seed germination of wheat,rape,lettuce was 25.97 % ,25.39 % and 32.82 % of control, and the average germination speed was 34.33 % ,46.04 % and 19.63 % of control respectively. The sensitivity order of 5 receptors on allelopathy of volatile oil from C. ambrosioides was wheat ,rape, cucumber, green beans and lettuce.