扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤巢址的空间分布格局分析

Spatial Pattern of Nest-site of Grus japonensis in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

依据1996年、2003～2007年扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤（Grus japonensis）巢址分布数据，计算巢址分布的质心、巢址的空间离散度，分析了巢址的空间格局特征；并统计了巢址与芦苇（Phragmites Australis）沼泽的高程。研究结果表明，如果不遇到严重的干扰，扎龙保护区丹顶鹤巢址的质心主要分布在核心区内，每年的偏移主要集中在核心区内部；而在受到火灾干扰的2005年，丹顶鹤巢址的质心几乎迁出了核心区。扎龙湿地丹顶鹤巢址空间分布在此期间具有聚群的特征，2005年以前，丹顶鹤营巢距离逐年缩小；而2005年以后营巢距离又有所增加。丹顶鹤巢址分布在高程142～148m的占92．03％，而芦苇沼泽分布在高程142—148m的占82．04％；丹顶鹤巢址分布于坡度小于0．25°的占90．93％，芦苇沼泽分布在坡度小于0．25°的占87．31％；芦苇沼泽和丹顶鹤巢址在高程、坡度上的分布相关性较强，说明芦苇沼泽是扎龙湿地丹顶鹤营巢的重要生境。

Zhalong National Nature Reserve locates in the western part of Northeast China, the western part of the Songnen Plain, the downstream of the Wuyuer River, has 210 000 ha area of wetlands that provide habitats for the Grus japonensis and many other waterbirds. Spatial pattern characteristics of Grus japonensis nest - site in Zhalong National Nature Reserve was focused on in the paper. On the basis data of Grus japonensis nest - site distribution in Zhalong National Nature Reserve in 1996 and from 2003 to 2007, centroid distribution and spatial discrete degree of nest- site, and the relationship between nest -site and reed swamps based on the elevation and slope, were studied. The result showed that the centroid of nest - site of Grus japonensis in Zhalong National Nature Reserve mainly distributed in the core area without the serious interference; centroid deviation each year mostly occurred on the inside of the core area. But the nest - sites centroid of Grus japonensis almost moved out of the core area in 2005 because of the inference of fire. Before 2005, the distance between the nest - sites of Grus japonensis reduced year by year, and increased after 2005. 92.03% Grusjaponensis nest -site distributed the elevation range from 142 m to 148 m, and 82.04% reed swamps distributed the same range; 90.93% Grus japonensis nest- site distributed the slope of smaller than 0.25, and 87.31% reed swamps distributed that slope range. The distribution of reed swamps and Grus japonensis nest - sites had a strong correlation on elevation and slope, it indicates that reed swamps was important habitat of Grus japonensis .