北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类生境选择研究

Habitat Selection of Winter Birds in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve,Beijing

于2007年10月至2008年3月对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类69种,隶属13目24科45属。优势种鸟类9种,常见种8种,稀有种52种,与湿地关系密切的游禽和涉禽占优势地位。利用高分辨率遥感图像,在"3S"技术的支持下,确定鸟类分布的模拟样方,以调查鸟类生境,共调查了16个可能影响保护区冬季鸟类栖息地分布的变量。通过独立两样本t检验与卡方检验的方法筛选出其中的10个主要变量,最后采用主成分分析的方法确定了5个影响鸟类生境选择的主要成分。结果表明,鸟类生境选择角度具有多向性的特点,景观因子、干扰因子和水因子是主要的影响因子。由于冰的隔离作用成为冬季鸟类自我保护的主要方式,水域的宽阔性对于冬季鸟类的生境选择具有重要意义。建议在对野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类采取保护措施时,必须重视水环境的恢复、各种人为干扰的消除以及系统保护的加强。

According to the survey from October, 2007 to March, 2008, 69 species of winter birds, belonging to 13 families, 24 orders, 45 genera, were recorded in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve, Beijing. 9 species were regarded as dominant species, 8 the common, and 52 the rare. Swimming birds and wading birds having close relationship with wetland took the dominant position. Based on the multi - satellite remote sensing images and 3S technology, the simulation samples of bird distribution were produced on the spot of survey. 16 parameters were established as variables of the habitat selection of winter birds. And then, through the Independent - Sample T Test and Pearson Chi -Square Test, 10 out of the 16 parameters were identified as the key variables. By Principal Component Analysis, 5 components were designated main factors influencing the habitat selection of winter birds. The result indicated that the habitat selection of winter birds featured in multi - tropism. Landscape, interference and water were found to be the most influencing factors. Moreover, while ice functioned as isolation for self - protection, broadness of water areas contributed significantly to habitat selection of winter birds. It is neeessary, therefore, that measures be taken to restore water resources, rid of jamming and enhance the systemic protection for the conservation of winter birds in Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve, Beijing.