清代广东的码头纠纷与公共秩序

The Studies of Guangdong's Wharf Disputes and Public Order in Qing Dynasty

清代,广东凡是近河海的墟镇、商埠和港市,均设有码头。码头往往是商品的集散地,又是商贾进出货物的要地,并自成一个相对独立的社会空间,各种社会力量为占有其中的资源而明争暗夺,码头纠纷事件不断发生。官府总的调控原则是根据码头的既生关系,即行动者之间的斗争态势、力量对比,以及社会舆情、民间俗例等来判案,并逐渐形成结构性的调控原则,以维系码头的公共秩序。当然,码头纠纷解决的调控性结构与原则是不断改变的,其维系或改变端赖于行动者的斗争逻辑与态势。

In Qing dynasty, Guangdong market towns,trading and port city which located nearl all major rivers, the ocean are built wharf. The wharf became the commodity collection and distribution center, also was the place that the merchant in and out the cargo, and which was a relatively independent field territory. But all kinds of social strengths competed intensely for the occupation of the economical capital. In Qing dynasty, Guangdong Government authorities took the positive countermeasure to handle each kind of dispute case. Officials were often based on the relationship, the struggle between actors in the situation, the balance of forces, as well as public opinion, township regulations to the public about such cases, and formed the regulative principle, which maintained the wharf public peace and order. Of course, the regulation of dispute resolution and the principle of structure is changing, maintain or change rely on logic and momentum of the struggle.