异体同型输血检测方法研究

Research on the Detecting Methods of Homologous Blood Transfusion

目的:探讨异体同型输血的科学检测方法。方法:将若干份单一血液按比例实施体外两两混合,分别采用流式细胞的免疫血液学检测法及PCR-STR分析技术检测样本是否为混合血。结果:流式细胞仪检测法检测205份有效混合血样,检测出为混合血样的198份,其中2例为真正的输血病人,疑似混合血样品7份,无假阴性报告;相对于洛桑的8种目标检测抗原,采用21种目标检测抗原提高了确诊率。对291份有效混合血样采用PCR-STR分析技术进行检测,结果确定为混合血样的240份,其中1份为真正的输血病人,疑似混合血样39份,其中1份为输血病人,未检测出混合血迹象的12份;当血样混合比例高于1:10时,确诊率才明显下降。结论:在现阶段,流式细胞仪检测法和PCR-STR分析法是可行的异体同型输血检测方法。

Objective To investigate the detecting methods of homologous blood transfusion. Methods A number of mixed blood samples（each of them contained two individual bloods）with different mixture ratios were tested by immunohaematological flow cytometer and PCR-STR to confirm the existence of the foreign RBC composition. Results Using flow cytometer,198 of 205 mixed blood samples（including two patients received homologous blood transfusion） were identified;7 were uncertain. No false negative detection was found. Comparing to Lausanne 8-antigen system,the positive rate of 21-antigen system increased. Through PCR-STR analysis,240（including 1 patient received homologous blood transfusion）of 291 samples were identified,39 uncertain（including 1 patient received homologous blood transfusion）,and 12 negative. The identification rate decreased when the mixture ratio was lower than 1 to 10. Conclusion The flow cytometer method and the PCR-STR method are feasible in the homologous blood transfusion control.