黑龙江省高血压流行病学50年研究

A 50-year study on the epidemiology of hypertension in Heilongjiang Province of China

目的了解黑龙江省高血压及其相关因素流行病学特点，为该地区高血压防治工作提供科学依据。方法于1958、1979、1991、1999和2007年共5次在黑龙江省采取随机整群抽样方法，按国际通用血压测量方法和相关质量控制规定，对年龄≥15岁城乡自然人群299677人（男158782人，女140895人）进行血压测量及影响血压相关因素横断面调查。结果该地区为我国高血压高发区，高血压患病率逐年增高，50年共增高3倍多，且1999—2007年8年时间里增长速率最快，从17．06％增至25．69％。随年龄增加，高血压患病率升高，且高血压发病年龄日趋年轻化。城乡及不同职业人群高血压患病率不同，机关企事业单位负责人高血压患病率最高（41．67％）。55岁以前男性高血压患病率明显高于女性（P〈0．0001）。BMI、性别、高TG血症、年龄、HDL—C降低和遗传史等是该地区高血压发病的主要危险因素。本地区目前高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为48．90％、25．33％和4．32％。结论黑龙江省高血压患病率仍较高，受许多危险因素影响，需以社区医疗为基础，加大力度改善高血压的预防、检测和治疗状况。

Objective To assess the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension and its attributing factors in Heilongjiang province and establish a comprehensive basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in this region. Methods Using the stratified chunk method, a survey lasting 50 years was conducted on a sample of 299 677 （including 158 782 males and 140 895 females） patients, aged 15 and above, residing in both rural and urban areas of Heilongjiang province from 1958 to 2007. Both blood pressure measurement and analysis on attributing factors of hypertension were carried out in 1958, 1979, 1991, 1999 and 2007. Results The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in Heilongjiang than in other provinces. It elevated annually, reaching a 3-fold increase in 50 years with an accelerating pace （17.06% to 25.69% ） in the recent 8 years. Among the people examined, the prevalence of hypertension increased with aging. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension varied among different professions. Office workers had the highest prevalence （41.67%）. Compared with＇female population, male participants had a much higher prevalence before the age of 55 （P 〈 0.0001 ）. Body mass index, gender, hypertriglyceridemia, age, low-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history were identified as major risk factors for the development of hypertension in Heilongjiang province. However, the awareness （48.90%） , treatment （25.33%） and control （4. 32% ） rates of hypertension in this region were relatively low. Conclusion The results of the present study identified Heilongjiang province as a high-risk region for hypertension. It also suggests the necessity to plan and implement actions for the effective prevention and treatment of hypertension in this region.